Recently, a list of fluoroscopy radiology training programs was posted on this site. However, the concept of a fluoroscopy radiologic technologist was not well explained. This post aims to clarify what the role and responsibilities of this position are as well as discuss possible future avenues for the field.
What is a fluoroscopy radiologic technologist?
The question is not a simple one to answer. Like a diagnostic radiology technician, they assist radiologists in producing imaging of patients. However, fluoroscopy typically involves using a radio-opaque contrast inside the gastrointestinal tract in order to visualize pathology. Specifically, the patient is asked to ingest a white, not-too-pleasant tasting substance, and then is placed on tilt table on which they can be swiveled and rotated while images are taken. The rotations help the dye move within the GI tract and produce the appropriate image. Contrast can also be introduced per rectum.
What is the role of a fluoroscopy radiologic technologist during these procedures?
The technologist will be responsible for preparing the contrast medium, as well as prepping the patient for the procedure. They may also be responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of the equipment used within the fluoroscopy suite. However, the future for fluoroscopy radiologic technologists may be changing. A recent study in the American Journal of Roentgenology looked at the possibility of having technologists acquiring the images themselves, without the involvement of radiologists. Here is what the study showed:
RESULTS. For the double-contrast barium enema examinations, no statistically significant differences were found between the technologists and residents for amount of barium used, degree of distention, cecal opacification, and quality of spot radiographs. The technologist-performed examinations had a statistically significant lower mean fluoroscopy time (3.2 min, compared with 4.0 min for staff radiologists and 5.7 min for residents). For the esophagrams, no statistically significant differences between technologists and residents were found for single-contrast esophagrams; radiographs of the gastric cardia; assessment of motility, reflux, and transit of a solid bolus; and fluoroscopy time. Double-contrast esophagrams obtained by technologists received a better mean score than did those of the residents.
CONCLUSION. Radiology technologists can be trained to perform high-quality esophagography and double-contrast barium enema examinations without an unacceptably high radiation dose.
9/10/09
Using MRI to Diagnose Acute Chest Pain
The “rule-in” process for acute chest pain generates an estimated $600 million per year in unnecessary in-patient expenses.
When a patient presents to the emergency room with acute chest pain, their acute coronary syndrome may include many different entities: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), non-ST-elevation MI, and unstable angina. Accurate diagnosis can most often lead to fast, often life-saving appropriate treatment.
Unfortunately, recent estimates indicate that nearly 2% of patients with acute MI are inappropriately discharged from the emergency room (ER). These discharged patients have had MIs which are missed even though they have undergone proper testing.
In patients whose MI is missed, the mortality rate is around 16%. Therefore, the current diagnostic strategies imaging acute chest pain have their shortcomings which need to be addressed as a matter of urgency.
A prospective study of 161 consecutive patients who presented to the ER with >30 minutes of chest pain compatible with myocardial ischemia, and an ECG not diagnostic of acute MI, was conducted in order to determine whether cardiac MRI could accurately identify patients with acute coronary syndrome.
MRI was performed at rest within 12 hours of presentation, and included perfusion, assessment of left ventricular function, and gadolinium-enhanced MI detection. All patients were followed up at 6 to 8 weeks to ensure that no acute coronary syndrome was missed.
From the study results, resting cardiac MRI does appear suitable for the triage of patients with acute chest pain in the ER. Performed promptly in order to evaluate acute chest pain, MRI accurately detected a high fraction of patients with acute coronary syndrome, including those with enzyme-negative unstable angina.
One important limitation to note is that with cardiac MRI, there is the inability to differentiate acute versus chronic MI. Both have similar delayed enhancement characteristics, and cannot be differentiated.
When a patient presents to the emergency room with acute chest pain, their acute coronary syndrome may include many different entities: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), non-ST-elevation MI, and unstable angina. Accurate diagnosis can most often lead to fast, often life-saving appropriate treatment.
Unfortunately, recent estimates indicate that nearly 2% of patients with acute MI are inappropriately discharged from the emergency room (ER). These discharged patients have had MIs which are missed even though they have undergone proper testing.
In patients whose MI is missed, the mortality rate is around 16%. Therefore, the current diagnostic strategies imaging acute chest pain have their shortcomings which need to be addressed as a matter of urgency.
A prospective study of 161 consecutive patients who presented to the ER with >30 minutes of chest pain compatible with myocardial ischemia, and an ECG not diagnostic of acute MI, was conducted in order to determine whether cardiac MRI could accurately identify patients with acute coronary syndrome.
MRI was performed at rest within 12 hours of presentation, and included perfusion, assessment of left ventricular function, and gadolinium-enhanced MI detection. All patients were followed up at 6 to 8 weeks to ensure that no acute coronary syndrome was missed.
From the study results, resting cardiac MRI does appear suitable for the triage of patients with acute chest pain in the ER. Performed promptly in order to evaluate acute chest pain, MRI accurately detected a high fraction of patients with acute coronary syndrome, including those with enzyme-negative unstable angina.
One important limitation to note is that with cardiac MRI, there is the inability to differentiate acute versus chronic MI. Both have similar delayed enhancement characteristics, and cannot be differentiated.
Investigative Radiology special edition on “Advances in CT technology”
According to the information of Investigative Radiology, there is a special issue on ‘Advances in CT technology’ scheduled for publication during the summer of 2010.
The focus of this special issue will be on recent technical developments of CT, including specifically dual source/ dual energy CT and multidetector CT with 128 or more detector rows. The special issue will include both basic and clinical research investigations. In terms of clinical studies, the focus will be on those providing evidence for improved clinical diagnosis by the use these CT techniques.
The deadline for submission is December 15, 2009. Scientists and clinicians who work in the area of preclinical CT are also encouraged to submit papers.
The focus of this special issue will be on recent technical developments of CT, including specifically dual source/ dual energy CT and multidetector CT with 128 or more detector rows. The special issue will include both basic and clinical research investigations. In terms of clinical studies, the focus will be on those providing evidence for improved clinical diagnosis by the use these CT techniques.
The deadline for submission is December 15, 2009. Scientists and clinicians who work in the area of preclinical CT are also encouraged to submit papers.
Preparing To Become a Radiology Technician
f you are one of the many individuals who are very interested in a career in the medical profession, especially in the field of radiology technician and related imaging jobs, you will be glad to know that you have discovered a career that is both exciting and fulfilling. To start with, you should always learn as much as you can about this career path, before deciding to go into it. There are many different roles that a radiology technician can play, which is why you need to decide which field in the medical industry, you want to get involved with. Considerations often include the minimum level of education or certification you need, and also the pay scale that you should expect once you start work. These are important things that need to be kept in view, which we will begin to explore. To get started in the area of radiology, it will be common for most medical institutions to require that you at least have some form of radiologic technologist certification. However, if you start to look at the different courses available in radiology related fields, it will become imperative that you decide exactly which area of radiology you want to be a part of. This is because it is important to take the right steps when starting your career in radiology, as it will help you move forward in your career faster than others. If you intend to be a radiologist, normally, you will first need to start as a radiology tech. One way to bypass this and become a radiologist immediately, is to go through at least 8 years of studying and training, which is something not many people will choose to do. Apart from this, to be a radiology technician, all you need is a one-year certificate program, which should easily get you a job as a qualified radiology technician. Another option you have is to complete a bachelor’s degree, which might give you more access to different types of radiology related jobs.
Medical Imaging Equipment Financing Tips
The huge advancements in the field of medical technology have resulted in great benefits to mankind. One such great advancement is the creation of medical imaging equipment.
Types of Medical Imaging Equipment
One of the most commonly used medical imaging machines is the CT scan machine. This machine is a result of a great breakthrough in medical science. It enables us to scan the different parts of the body and helps doctors see internal organs, muscles, blood vessels and tissues in a manner which they could not have imagined a few years ago. However, since these machines are immensely sophisticated, they come at a great cost. Thus, if you need to purchase medical imaging equipment, the best way is go for financing.
Radiology equipment like X-rays, tomography, radio waves, and ultrasound also come at a very great cost. However, in every hospital or clinic, it is highly essential to have these equipments so as to help doctors diagnose diseases promptly. There are many kinds of radiology equipment that are required by doctors for testing different parts of the body and different kinds of symptoms. Therefore, any healthcare institute must have all these equipments at hand if they want to ensure that the patients coming there for treatment are not deprived of good care. Since it is very difficult to buy all these equipments, the best way is to appeal for financing and then purchase these.
One of the most common equipment required by doctors is the X-Ray machine. In case of any kind bone injuries, it is important for the doctor to identify whether the injury is to the bone or the ligament. Also in case of pains, doctors need to find out the reason behind them and they usually want to see an X-Ray of the region of the body concerned. This has increased the importance of the X-Ray machine in modern medicine to a great extent.
An important medical equipment is the sonogram, which is widely used for getting images of the important internal organs in order to identify diseases of the veins, muscles and arteries. Especially in cases of tumor, the sonogram is required. Being an immensely expensive yet essential equipment, there are many finances available for the sonogram.
Other equipment that are required in hospitals and health clinics include the endoscope and the x-ray film processor. The endoscope is used for taking high resolution pictures of internal organs that reveal minute details of the organ. The x-ray film processor is an equipment that prints the images that the x-ray machine takes. The ultrasound equipment is yet another important medical imaging equipment that helps in identifying the problems of internal organs. It is especially used to monitor the growth of the fetus during pregnancy.
Opt for Equipment Financing
There is a wide range of organs that are required to be checked by medical teams in order to properly identify the particular health problem of the individual. Thus, getting finances is a very important thing in this field. Thankfully, there are numerous organizations that help medical institutions purchase these equipment by financing.
Types of Medical Imaging Equipment
One of the most commonly used medical imaging machines is the CT scan machine. This machine is a result of a great breakthrough in medical science. It enables us to scan the different parts of the body and helps doctors see internal organs, muscles, blood vessels and tissues in a manner which they could not have imagined a few years ago. However, since these machines are immensely sophisticated, they come at a great cost. Thus, if you need to purchase medical imaging equipment, the best way is go for financing.
Radiology equipment like X-rays, tomography, radio waves, and ultrasound also come at a very great cost. However, in every hospital or clinic, it is highly essential to have these equipments so as to help doctors diagnose diseases promptly. There are many kinds of radiology equipment that are required by doctors for testing different parts of the body and different kinds of symptoms. Therefore, any healthcare institute must have all these equipments at hand if they want to ensure that the patients coming there for treatment are not deprived of good care. Since it is very difficult to buy all these equipments, the best way is to appeal for financing and then purchase these.
One of the most common equipment required by doctors is the X-Ray machine. In case of any kind bone injuries, it is important for the doctor to identify whether the injury is to the bone or the ligament. Also in case of pains, doctors need to find out the reason behind them and they usually want to see an X-Ray of the region of the body concerned. This has increased the importance of the X-Ray machine in modern medicine to a great extent.
An important medical equipment is the sonogram, which is widely used for getting images of the important internal organs in order to identify diseases of the veins, muscles and arteries. Especially in cases of tumor, the sonogram is required. Being an immensely expensive yet essential equipment, there are many finances available for the sonogram.
Other equipment that are required in hospitals and health clinics include the endoscope and the x-ray film processor. The endoscope is used for taking high resolution pictures of internal organs that reveal minute details of the organ. The x-ray film processor is an equipment that prints the images that the x-ray machine takes. The ultrasound equipment is yet another important medical imaging equipment that helps in identifying the problems of internal organs. It is especially used to monitor the growth of the fetus during pregnancy.
Opt for Equipment Financing
There is a wide range of organs that are required to be checked by medical teams in order to properly identify the particular health problem of the individual. Thus, getting finances is a very important thing in this field. Thankfully, there are numerous organizations that help medical institutions purchase these equipment by financing.
Using Dental X-Rays in Oral Health
Dentists use dental X rays quite extensively to safeguard oral health of patients and to diagnose and cure teeth and jaw problems before they cause irreversible damage. In adults, dental X rays help dentists in:
* Identifying tooth decays, such as tiny pits of decay occurring between teeth, which are not evident in visual examination.
* Locating cracks in existing fillings and decays developing under them.
* Identifying bone loss resulting from the periodontal (gum) disease.
* Revealing infection in root canal or nerve death.
* Preparing for and conducting tooth implants. Dental X rays also aid dentists in undertaking orthodontic treatments.
* Revealing cysts and cancer in gums.
* Identifying changes related to metabolic and systemic diseases.
In children, dental x rays can be used to monitor teeth development and detect possible decays. Dental X-rays can also be used to gauge whether kids are losing their primary teeth on time, and to track the proper development of permanent teeth and detect extra teeth, if any.
Types of Dental X Rays
Dental X rays help in early identification and cure of dental problems. Dentists usually use two types of dental X-rays:
* Intra-oral X rays: This technique involves placing an x ray film inside the mouth to get a detailed picture of patients' oral health. These x-rays can help dentists locate caries, verify teeth development, and check problems in tooth root and bone encircling the teeth, and monitor oral health.
* Extra-oral X-rays: In this technique, the film is kept outside the mouth, with the focal area being the jaw and the skull. This type of dental x ray helps monitor the development of jaws in relation to the teeth.
New Technology in Dental X Rays
The latest dental X ray technique involves the direct transmission of X ray images to a computer. These images can be stored and printed, or viewed on a screen. This technique, called digital imaging, requires lesser exposure to radiation, and enables dentists to:
* Enhance and enlarge the image on a computer screen.
* Send the images to another dentist or specialist electronically.
* Compare current and previous images in a process called subtraction radiography.
To search for local dentists providing the latest dental X rays techniques, look up the one stop directory, Patient FYI. The website's exhaustive information makes the process of selecting a dentist and scheduling an appointment with them extremely simple.
* Identifying tooth decays, such as tiny pits of decay occurring between teeth, which are not evident in visual examination.
* Locating cracks in existing fillings and decays developing under them.
* Identifying bone loss resulting from the periodontal (gum) disease.
* Revealing infection in root canal or nerve death.
* Preparing for and conducting tooth implants. Dental X rays also aid dentists in undertaking orthodontic treatments.
* Revealing cysts and cancer in gums.
* Identifying changes related to metabolic and systemic diseases.
In children, dental x rays can be used to monitor teeth development and detect possible decays. Dental X-rays can also be used to gauge whether kids are losing their primary teeth on time, and to track the proper development of permanent teeth and detect extra teeth, if any.
Types of Dental X Rays
Dental X rays help in early identification and cure of dental problems. Dentists usually use two types of dental X-rays:
* Intra-oral X rays: This technique involves placing an x ray film inside the mouth to get a detailed picture of patients' oral health. These x-rays can help dentists locate caries, verify teeth development, and check problems in tooth root and bone encircling the teeth, and monitor oral health.
* Extra-oral X-rays: In this technique, the film is kept outside the mouth, with the focal area being the jaw and the skull. This type of dental x ray helps monitor the development of jaws in relation to the teeth.
New Technology in Dental X Rays
The latest dental X ray technique involves the direct transmission of X ray images to a computer. These images can be stored and printed, or viewed on a screen. This technique, called digital imaging, requires lesser exposure to radiation, and enables dentists to:
* Enhance and enlarge the image on a computer screen.
* Send the images to another dentist or specialist electronically.
* Compare current and previous images in a process called subtraction radiography.
To search for local dentists providing the latest dental X rays techniques, look up the one stop directory, Patient FYI. The website's exhaustive information makes the process of selecting a dentist and scheduling an appointment with them extremely simple.
X Ray Technologists Or Radiologic Technologists Profiled
Radiology / X-Ray - a fascinating world of medicine and technology!
Did you know that x-rays were invented by accident?
In 1895, a German physicist named Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen made a discovery, which he later termed "x-rays," while experimenting with an electron beam in a gas discharge tube. Roentgen noticed that a fluorescent screen in his lab started to glow when the electron beam was turned on. Roentgen's tube was surrounded by heavy black cardboard, so he continued to investigate what mysterious entity might be traveling right through matter. This discovery laid the foundation for what we know to be the field of Radiologic Technology.
Beginning in the early 1900's, the use of x-rays in medicine marked an immense change in the way that patient anomalies were diagnosed. Using x-ray imaging, physicians were able to see the internal structures in the human body-bony structures, hollow organs, and soft tissues without the use of invasive and dangerous surgical procedures. Today, the field of Radiologic Technology includes other diagnostic techniques and modalities, some of which do not use ionizing radiation. For this reason, the more accurate terminology used for this branch of medicine is Diagnostic Medical Imaging. The continuous expansion of this profession and the diversity of methods used for diagnosis have allowed the modern Radiologic Technologist tremendous growth within this field-both in upward and lateral mobility.
The career potential is expanding along with its learning opportunities. After the successful completion of the classroom and clinical experiential training, graduates must obtain state and/or national certification to be employed as a Radiologic Technologist. Once certified, a Radiologic Technologist may work in an acute-care setting in a hospital, or in an outpatient facility or doctor's office. The technologist utilizes modern digital technology to create images in the radiographic facility, or in emergency rooms, surgical suites, and at the patient's bedside. Some technologists choose to be employed by mobile companies and cover large geographical regions in vans equipped with sophisticated diagnostic equipment. Preparation for this profession is offered in hospitals, colleges and universities as well as vocational schools and academies.
What else do Radiologic Technologists do?
When assisting in fluoroscopy, for example, they might prepare a solution of contrast medium for the patient to drink, allowing the radiologist to examine some of the hollow organs and other dynamic structures within the body, such as the heart. Technologists are also utilized during endoscopic procedures, pacemaker insertions, in the operating room, emergency room, neonatal nursery and in ICU.
There are many more areas in which the expertise of an experienced Radiologic Technologist is needed. They may be involved in more complex imaging procedures, such as areas of cardiovascular interventionist procedures, angiography, mammography, bone densitometry, CT, and MRI, to name a few.
For the skilled radiographer, the creation of diagnostic images is both an art and a science. We utilize complex equipment and apply critical thinking under adverse conditions to create an image with maximum information while minimizing exposure to the patient. It is very gratifying to play such a role in helping our patients achieve health. In addition to preparing patients and operating equipment, we learn how to keep patient records and adjust and maintain equipment. We also may prepare work schedules, evaluate purchases of equipment, and eventually might manage a radiology department. Medical Imaging is a magnificent addition to the world of medicine.
Radiologic technologists are never exposed to the primary beam, but will receive a small amount of secondary exposure within the occupational dose limits established by the government. Both technologists and students are carefully monitored for any radiation exposure received, utilizing individual state-of-the-art monitoring devices read monthly by specialized labs. Exposure is minimized by the use of lead aprons, gloves, and other shielding devices. The changes today in regard to the growth of radiologic specialization and in general diagnostic imaging are projected to move in the direction of upward and lateral mobility. It is a growing and expanding profession.
A good analogy is a tree that grows and produces more and more branches, so does diagnostic imaging; it branches out into separate fields, like Ultrasound, MRI, CT and X-Ray. It's a great field to be in, because you will never be bored. There are always more options, more specialties that come up due to this growth and technological advancements!
Did you know that x-rays were invented by accident?
In 1895, a German physicist named Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen made a discovery, which he later termed "x-rays," while experimenting with an electron beam in a gas discharge tube. Roentgen noticed that a fluorescent screen in his lab started to glow when the electron beam was turned on. Roentgen's tube was surrounded by heavy black cardboard, so he continued to investigate what mysterious entity might be traveling right through matter. This discovery laid the foundation for what we know to be the field of Radiologic Technology.
Beginning in the early 1900's, the use of x-rays in medicine marked an immense change in the way that patient anomalies were diagnosed. Using x-ray imaging, physicians were able to see the internal structures in the human body-bony structures, hollow organs, and soft tissues without the use of invasive and dangerous surgical procedures. Today, the field of Radiologic Technology includes other diagnostic techniques and modalities, some of which do not use ionizing radiation. For this reason, the more accurate terminology used for this branch of medicine is Diagnostic Medical Imaging. The continuous expansion of this profession and the diversity of methods used for diagnosis have allowed the modern Radiologic Technologist tremendous growth within this field-both in upward and lateral mobility.
The career potential is expanding along with its learning opportunities. After the successful completion of the classroom and clinical experiential training, graduates must obtain state and/or national certification to be employed as a Radiologic Technologist. Once certified, a Radiologic Technologist may work in an acute-care setting in a hospital, or in an outpatient facility or doctor's office. The technologist utilizes modern digital technology to create images in the radiographic facility, or in emergency rooms, surgical suites, and at the patient's bedside. Some technologists choose to be employed by mobile companies and cover large geographical regions in vans equipped with sophisticated diagnostic equipment. Preparation for this profession is offered in hospitals, colleges and universities as well as vocational schools and academies.
What else do Radiologic Technologists do?
When assisting in fluoroscopy, for example, they might prepare a solution of contrast medium for the patient to drink, allowing the radiologist to examine some of the hollow organs and other dynamic structures within the body, such as the heart. Technologists are also utilized during endoscopic procedures, pacemaker insertions, in the operating room, emergency room, neonatal nursery and in ICU.
There are many more areas in which the expertise of an experienced Radiologic Technologist is needed. They may be involved in more complex imaging procedures, such as areas of cardiovascular interventionist procedures, angiography, mammography, bone densitometry, CT, and MRI, to name a few.
For the skilled radiographer, the creation of diagnostic images is both an art and a science. We utilize complex equipment and apply critical thinking under adverse conditions to create an image with maximum information while minimizing exposure to the patient. It is very gratifying to play such a role in helping our patients achieve health. In addition to preparing patients and operating equipment, we learn how to keep patient records and adjust and maintain equipment. We also may prepare work schedules, evaluate purchases of equipment, and eventually might manage a radiology department. Medical Imaging is a magnificent addition to the world of medicine.
Radiologic technologists are never exposed to the primary beam, but will receive a small amount of secondary exposure within the occupational dose limits established by the government. Both technologists and students are carefully monitored for any radiation exposure received, utilizing individual state-of-the-art monitoring devices read monthly by specialized labs. Exposure is minimized by the use of lead aprons, gloves, and other shielding devices. The changes today in regard to the growth of radiologic specialization and in general diagnostic imaging are projected to move in the direction of upward and lateral mobility. It is a growing and expanding profession.
A good analogy is a tree that grows and produces more and more branches, so does diagnostic imaging; it branches out into separate fields, like Ultrasound, MRI, CT and X-Ray. It's a great field to be in, because you will never be bored. There are always more options, more specialties that come up due to this growth and technological advancements!
Electrocardiogram and Chest X-Ray Before Endometrial Hysterectomy
As we mentioned in previous articles, endometriosis growing somewhere else other than the endometrium also reacts to hormonal signals of the monthly menstrual cycle by building up tissue, breaking it, and eliminating it through the menstrual period. Hysterectomy is always the last resort in treating endometriosis for women who have exhausted all treatments without success, or if endometrial tissues have become cancerous, her doctor may suggest some kind of hysterectomy. If the hysterectomy is decided and the gynecologist is chosen then pre-operative evaluation is necessary to make sure that all requirements are met for a successful operation.
In this article, we will discuss electrocardiograms and chest X-Rays as pre-operative evaluations before a hysterectomy.
1. Electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is needed for women with endometriosis before hysterectomy. EKG is a record of the electrical activities of the heart over a duration of 20- 30 minutes. With the selective electrodes placed on different places of the heart, EKG can measure the activity of different parts of the heart's muscles. It is also used to measure the function of abnormal rhythms in the heart. Women who are over 40 years of age and have past history of heart diseases, peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes will need to have EKG done before a hysterectomy.
2. Chest X ray (CXR)
Chest X-ray is a projection radiograph taken by a radiological technologist. An X-ray is necessary for women before hysterectomy if in the previous six months she has been diagnosed with symptoms of acute lung injury.
In this article, we will discuss electrocardiograms and chest X-Rays as pre-operative evaluations before a hysterectomy.
1. Electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is needed for women with endometriosis before hysterectomy. EKG is a record of the electrical activities of the heart over a duration of 20- 30 minutes. With the selective electrodes placed on different places of the heart, EKG can measure the activity of different parts of the heart's muscles. It is also used to measure the function of abnormal rhythms in the heart. Women who are over 40 years of age and have past history of heart diseases, peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes will need to have EKG done before a hysterectomy.
2. Chest X ray (CXR)
Chest X-ray is a projection radiograph taken by a radiological technologist. An X-ray is necessary for women before hysterectomy if in the previous six months she has been diagnosed with symptoms of acute lung injury.
X-Ray Technician Online
It is possible to complete studies in online schools for practicing as an X-ray Technician. Most courses can be completed and certification earned at your own pace from the comfort of your own home through an Online X-ray Technician program.
An X-ray Technician, or radiologic technologist, supports medical teams by managing x-ray imaging processes, transporting and preparing patients for x-ray, and providing information. X-ray Technicians are employed in private physicians' and chiropractic offices, medical and dental clinics, and sometimes in industry and government services. Hospitals, however, are where most X-ray Technicians will find placement.
An X-ray Technician is trained to use radiography to capture images of the body and to provide information for diagnosis. Information provided by X-ray Technicians will be used to repair broken bones and treat diseases. An X-ray Technician is trained to explain procedures to patients and operate x-ray machines. An X-ray Technician must also be educated in the safety issues related to radiology and materials used in the processes of imaging.
Most programs for an X-ray Technician will prepare the student with studies of patient care, medical terminology, anatomy, physiology, pathology, the uses of radiology, and necessary protection from excessive radiation. Additionally, students will be instructed in the proper positioning of patients for specific techniques, principles of imaging, and medical ethics. X-ray Technician programs take one to four years of study, depending on the program and the level of expertise the student chooses.
A curriculum emphasizes the development of effective techniques and preparation for state examinations for certification or licensing, as necessary. Most programs prepare X-ray Technicians to perform back office medical assistance, as well, which will increase job opportunities and vary job one's experience.
An X-ray Technician, or radiologic technologist, supports medical teams by managing x-ray imaging processes, transporting and preparing patients for x-ray, and providing information. X-ray Technicians are employed in private physicians' and chiropractic offices, medical and dental clinics, and sometimes in industry and government services. Hospitals, however, are where most X-ray Technicians will find placement.
An X-ray Technician is trained to use radiography to capture images of the body and to provide information for diagnosis. Information provided by X-ray Technicians will be used to repair broken bones and treat diseases. An X-ray Technician is trained to explain procedures to patients and operate x-ray machines. An X-ray Technician must also be educated in the safety issues related to radiology and materials used in the processes of imaging.
Most programs for an X-ray Technician will prepare the student with studies of patient care, medical terminology, anatomy, physiology, pathology, the uses of radiology, and necessary protection from excessive radiation. Additionally, students will be instructed in the proper positioning of patients for specific techniques, principles of imaging, and medical ethics. X-ray Technician programs take one to four years of study, depending on the program and the level of expertise the student chooses.
A curriculum emphasizes the development of effective techniques and preparation for state examinations for certification or licensing, as necessary. Most programs prepare X-ray Technicians to perform back office medical assistance, as well, which will increase job opportunities and vary job one's experience.
The Importance of X-Ray Technicians
X-Ray Technicians are also known as Radiologic Technologists or Radiographers. The essential idea is that these are the people who handle machines and materials with radioactive properties for their use in medicine. That description does not nearly do them justice though, so we begin a closer look into the responsibilities and importance of Radiographers or X-Ray Technicians.
The x-ray machine is one of the fundamental diagnostic tools of modern medicine. The term "x-ray" was coined by Wilhelm Röntgen, who called them such because they were an unknown kind of radiation. These rays can pass through most solids, but are blocked out by denser and thicker material. Their discovery by the humble Röntgen -- who objected to these new rays being named after him -- netted him the first Nobel Prize in Physics. Various other scientists and inventors followed his investigations into this strange energy; famous scientists like Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla were among those that sought to learn how these x-rays could be utilized. The invention and refinement of imaging machines required the development of a new profession, whose members would be skilled at maintaining and manipulating the delicate machines while protecting themselves from the risks. Thus, the profession of radiological technologists was born.
Taking X-rays is not just exposing the patient to a lump of radioactive material to take an image. It is also about fine control to get the right quality of image. The image would not be very useful if it was overexposed or under-exposed, in much the same way as photographic film. Radiographers make sure that the resulting image is as good as possible by watching and adjusting radiation levels from the machine.
X-ray technicians are also responsible for developing the film. Like the situation in photography, a piece of film is not stable or useful without being "fixed". Developing the film sets the image and prevents further reactions, meaning that the image is preserved and will be viable even under bright light. Because the film needs to be mounted on a strong light source to be read and interpreted, this fixing process is very important.
Radiographers (or X-Ray Technicians) need to be able to work with people. They need to know how to position the patients, and how to interact with them. Interaction with a person under the stress of pain or illness is not easy, and getting them to follow procedure can be more than a little difficult. These are things that x-ray technicians deal with in their line of work.
Radiation is dangerous, and the job of X-Ray Technicians is not without risk. He or she must know how to shield themselves and the patients from excess radiation. After all, it just would not do to be made sicker by what is supposed to help you get better.
Lastly, the x-ray technician is the point man in identifying health problems based on the results. They are not qualified to interpret the findings, but they are more than knowledgeable enough to spot something off-kilter in the image. They can then prioritize the results with apparent problems for the radiologist to see first. With all these duties, we can see how much X-Ray Technicians contribute to the practice of medicine.
The x-ray machine is one of the fundamental diagnostic tools of modern medicine. The term "x-ray" was coined by Wilhelm Röntgen, who called them such because they were an unknown kind of radiation. These rays can pass through most solids, but are blocked out by denser and thicker material. Their discovery by the humble Röntgen -- who objected to these new rays being named after him -- netted him the first Nobel Prize in Physics. Various other scientists and inventors followed his investigations into this strange energy; famous scientists like Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla were among those that sought to learn how these x-rays could be utilized. The invention and refinement of imaging machines required the development of a new profession, whose members would be skilled at maintaining and manipulating the delicate machines while protecting themselves from the risks. Thus, the profession of radiological technologists was born.
Taking X-rays is not just exposing the patient to a lump of radioactive material to take an image. It is also about fine control to get the right quality of image. The image would not be very useful if it was overexposed or under-exposed, in much the same way as photographic film. Radiographers make sure that the resulting image is as good as possible by watching and adjusting radiation levels from the machine.
X-ray technicians are also responsible for developing the film. Like the situation in photography, a piece of film is not stable or useful without being "fixed". Developing the film sets the image and prevents further reactions, meaning that the image is preserved and will be viable even under bright light. Because the film needs to be mounted on a strong light source to be read and interpreted, this fixing process is very important.
Radiographers (or X-Ray Technicians) need to be able to work with people. They need to know how to position the patients, and how to interact with them. Interaction with a person under the stress of pain or illness is not easy, and getting them to follow procedure can be more than a little difficult. These are things that x-ray technicians deal with in their line of work.
Radiation is dangerous, and the job of X-Ray Technicians is not without risk. He or she must know how to shield themselves and the patients from excess radiation. After all, it just would not do to be made sicker by what is supposed to help you get better.
Lastly, the x-ray technician is the point man in identifying health problems based on the results. They are not qualified to interpret the findings, but they are more than knowledgeable enough to spot something off-kilter in the image. They can then prioritize the results with apparent problems for the radiologist to see first. With all these duties, we can see how much X-Ray Technicians contribute to the practice of medicine.
9/9/09
Dental Implants - The Planning of Implants Using 3D Conebeam Computed Tomography
When you are missing a tooth or teeth or have to have a tooth or teeth removed likely you will need to have the tooth or teeth replaced. The modern replacement method is with a dental implant. Dental implant planning has come a long way since the days of a small rectangular film (periapical radiograph) and holding up to a light to "see" if there was enough room for an implant. These 2 dimensional films only allow the surgeon to evaluate the height of the bone and the distance between the roots of the adjacent teeth. Since x-ray technique can alter appearance, the distances can be misleading and can create intraoperative difficulties during implant placement. Additionally there can be magnification of the x-ray giving the surgeon a false sense of security to important adjacent anatomy like the sinus and the inferior alveolar nerve canal. The inferior nerve canal is where the nerve that supplies feeling to your lower teeth and lip and chin resides. It is the nerve that the dentist "numbs" and your lip and chin feels fat and funny. As such, implants placed too deeply based on magnified films can lead to paresthesias and/or dysesthesias of the inferior alveolar nerve (paresthesia is an altered sensation and dysesthesias are painful alterations in feeling).
Since typical radiographs are two dimensional, they give little evidence in the bony width. Frequently after extractions the bone can become too thin to accept a dental implant. To place an implant in that situation, the patient may have to undergo a bone grafting procedure(s). Often, these discoveries are made at the time of surgery. Thankfully, today, there are methods to take the guesswork out of implant planning and minimize the risk of surgery to the patient.
With affordable conebeam computed tomography radiographs, accurate three dimensional representations of the patient's bone and even soft tissues can be replicated on a computer. Using planning software, like the one from Materialise called Simplant, the surgeon can inspect the patient's bony foundation on the computer. Measurements, bone quality, positions of adjacent teeth, position of adjacent vital anatomy are accurately represented. Bone grafting, sinus augmentations, nerve repositioning and bone harvest site can be planned ahead of time. Implants can be virtually placed in the planning software and then surgical guides can be created that guide the surgeon to exactly replicate the plan on the computer and stop the implant drills short of adjacent anatomy. This helps prevent injury to the patient.
In the near future, companies like Tactile-Tech are close to developing technology that will allow dental implants to be placed by surgeons using real time imaging. This means they will be able to "see" into the patient's bone while placing implant and be able to see exactly what is going on during the entire surgery in 3 dimensions. Advances in technology are making the placement of dental implants more precise and are drastically reducing post-operative complications for patients.
Since typical radiographs are two dimensional, they give little evidence in the bony width. Frequently after extractions the bone can become too thin to accept a dental implant. To place an implant in that situation, the patient may have to undergo a bone grafting procedure(s). Often, these discoveries are made at the time of surgery. Thankfully, today, there are methods to take the guesswork out of implant planning and minimize the risk of surgery to the patient.
With affordable conebeam computed tomography radiographs, accurate three dimensional representations of the patient's bone and even soft tissues can be replicated on a computer. Using planning software, like the one from Materialise called Simplant, the surgeon can inspect the patient's bony foundation on the computer. Measurements, bone quality, positions of adjacent teeth, position of adjacent vital anatomy are accurately represented. Bone grafting, sinus augmentations, nerve repositioning and bone harvest site can be planned ahead of time. Implants can be virtually placed in the planning software and then surgical guides can be created that guide the surgeon to exactly replicate the plan on the computer and stop the implant drills short of adjacent anatomy. This helps prevent injury to the patient.
In the near future, companies like Tactile-Tech are close to developing technology that will allow dental implants to be placed by surgeons using real time imaging. This means they will be able to "see" into the patient's bone while placing implant and be able to see exactly what is going on during the entire surgery in 3 dimensions. Advances in technology are making the placement of dental implants more precise and are drastically reducing post-operative complications for patients.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Ophthalmology
Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an exciting new technique for examining the internal structures of the eye. The most common present applications are looking in fine detail at the retina and optic nerve although anterior segment OCTs have also been developed to examine the cornea, iris and lens.
OCT uses the principle of light interference to form a cross-sectional map of the retina or optic nerve. A super-bright light source such as a special LED is used and a beam-splitter is used to form a reference and a scanning beam. The reference beam is reflected by a reference mirror and is re-combined with the reflected scanning beam from the eye. A computer analyses the interference patterns which result. By varying the position of the reference mirror, different depths of the retina can be studied. The scanning beam is traced across the retina by a computer controlled mirror which can move the point in a horizontal, vertical or any oblique direction. The most common strategies used for looking at the retina with this type of OCT use a series of intersecting scans in different meridians. This is analogous to scanning from 12 O'clock to 6 O'clock and then from 1 to 7 and so on.
Following the scan, a map is built up of the area being scanned and presented in comparison to age-matched controls.
The latest OCT scanners use a newer technique known as spectral domain OCT. This is a technique where the individual freqencies of the light are used separately to build up an image without the need for scanning the spot on the retina. This increases the speed, accuracy and reliability of the scan.
As the OCT gives an accurate cross-section of the retina, it is very useful for the diagnosis of many diseases. Such diseases include macular holes (a full thickness hole of the retina), central serous retinopathy (the accumulation of fluid beneath the retina) and macular edema from diabetes or retinal circulation problems.
One of the most important new applications of the OCT is in the monitoring of the response of the retina to Lucentis. Lucentis is an exciting new drug used in the treatment of wet age related macular degeneration (AMD). Tiny quantities of the drug are injected into the eye to treat this devastating disease. The OCT has been proven to be the best way of monitoring the response and determining the need for further injections.
OCT testing is widely available, including at our clinic, Broadmeadows Eye and Ear Specialists. Further information about the technology is available at our website
OCT uses the principle of light interference to form a cross-sectional map of the retina or optic nerve. A super-bright light source such as a special LED is used and a beam-splitter is used to form a reference and a scanning beam. The reference beam is reflected by a reference mirror and is re-combined with the reflected scanning beam from the eye. A computer analyses the interference patterns which result. By varying the position of the reference mirror, different depths of the retina can be studied. The scanning beam is traced across the retina by a computer controlled mirror which can move the point in a horizontal, vertical or any oblique direction. The most common strategies used for looking at the retina with this type of OCT use a series of intersecting scans in different meridians. This is analogous to scanning from 12 O'clock to 6 O'clock and then from 1 to 7 and so on.
Following the scan, a map is built up of the area being scanned and presented in comparison to age-matched controls.
The latest OCT scanners use a newer technique known as spectral domain OCT. This is a technique where the individual freqencies of the light are used separately to build up an image without the need for scanning the spot on the retina. This increases the speed, accuracy and reliability of the scan.
As the OCT gives an accurate cross-section of the retina, it is very useful for the diagnosis of many diseases. Such diseases include macular holes (a full thickness hole of the retina), central serous retinopathy (the accumulation of fluid beneath the retina) and macular edema from diabetes or retinal circulation problems.
One of the most important new applications of the OCT is in the monitoring of the response of the retina to Lucentis. Lucentis is an exciting new drug used in the treatment of wet age related macular degeneration (AMD). Tiny quantities of the drug are injected into the eye to treat this devastating disease. The OCT has been proven to be the best way of monitoring the response and determining the need for further injections.
OCT testing is widely available, including at our clinic, Broadmeadows Eye and Ear Specialists. Further information about the technology is available at our website
Chest X-ray or Abdomen X-ray
A chest X-ray is taken to study the lungs and heart. The best radiograph is obtained when the child's lungs are filled with air. The child is seated or stands against the film holder and is positioned so that all of the lung fields are included. Two views are usually obtained; one from the front and one from the side. Infants and small toddlers are x-rayed while lying down on the film holder.
Occasionally we must gently restrain the child using sandbags. This doesn't hurt the child, but usually makes him angry and he will often cry in protest. This is an advantage for the technologist who can then obtain the X-ray when the child fills his lungs with air. After the X-rays the child is then returned to the parents in the waiting room.
Sometimes the physician orders a cardiac series. This necessitates giving the child some spoonfuls of barium to be swallowed during the chest X-ray.
The parents are asked to wait until the films are processed and checked for quality before leaving the Radiology Department. Occasionally a film must be repeated because of motion or because the radiologist requests an additional view to clarify the diagnosis.
An abdomen X-ray is similar to the chest X-ray except the part of the body being radiographed is different. The child is usually lying down on the table or turned on his side. Sometimes we obtain a view of the abdomen while standing up.
Occasionally we must gently restrain the child using sandbags. This doesn't hurt the child, but usually makes him angry and he will often cry in protest. This is an advantage for the technologist who can then obtain the X-ray when the child fills his lungs with air. After the X-rays the child is then returned to the parents in the waiting room.
Sometimes the physician orders a cardiac series. This necessitates giving the child some spoonfuls of barium to be swallowed during the chest X-ray.
The parents are asked to wait until the films are processed and checked for quality before leaving the Radiology Department. Occasionally a film must be repeated because of motion or because the radiologist requests an additional view to clarify the diagnosis.
An abdomen X-ray is similar to the chest X-ray except the part of the body being radiographed is different. The child is usually lying down on the table or turned on his side. Sometimes we obtain a view of the abdomen while standing up.
Computed Radiography Systems Can Improve Workflow and Save Money
Computed Radiography is a tried and true method of acquiring medical digital images for use as x-rays. Computed radiography systems are not only available for large hospitals, but also for small and medium-sized medical facilities, orthopedic offices and others. Now you can use exceptional CR systems, including AGFA CR, kodak CR, and Fuji CR units, to complement your existing digital radiography equipment and move it up to low-volume digital imagery at an affordable price.
CR systems can be used both in the office and off-site. With a CR unit, you also have more flexibility in taking patient images because the patient can be lying or sitting down. Reusable cassettes are used for the digital image capture, which is a cost savings over film and development chemicals that need to be replaced for every image taken.
The Kodak digital radiography systems offer an attractive group of digital imaging units. Several of the Kodak CR systems come with a mini-PACS system as well, so that you can archive and distribute your digital images quickly and easily.
The AGFA CR 30-X and 35-X systems are compact and produce high resolution digital medical images. The AGFA CR systems allow you to meet HIPPA requirements in terms of medical digital image archiving and storage. The CR30-X is a compact tabletop device that runs on standard electrical outlets, saving space as well as time in that it offers a simpler installation than other systems. The AGFA CR 35-X offers three unique image resolution modes for your convenience.
Fuji CR systems are available in XC-1 and XL-1 models. Both have a small footprint, making them suitable for use in exam rooms. They offer fast image previews in less than a minute, and offer imaging plates in a variety of sizes appropriate to your medical digital imaging tasks. The Fuji CR XL-1 can send digital images to your PACS system, where the images can be stored, and it will also enable you to print hard copies of your digital medical images to film. The fuji cr XC-1 can process 35 plates measuring 14X17 per hour, while the XL-1 can read 62 similar sized plates each hour, for improved workflow in your digital imaging department.
Computed radiography systems such as the AGFA, Fuji and Kodak CR units make a great choice for when you want to retrofit the radiology equipment that you already have in place. By upgrading your current equipment so that it produces digital medical images, you can also benefit by being able to use a PACS system for digital archiving both on and off-site, and can implement teleradiology to send and receive digital images.
CR systems can be used both in the office and off-site. With a CR unit, you also have more flexibility in taking patient images because the patient can be lying or sitting down. Reusable cassettes are used for the digital image capture, which is a cost savings over film and development chemicals that need to be replaced for every image taken.
The Kodak digital radiography systems offer an attractive group of digital imaging units. Several of the Kodak CR systems come with a mini-PACS system as well, so that you can archive and distribute your digital images quickly and easily.
The AGFA CR 30-X and 35-X systems are compact and produce high resolution digital medical images. The AGFA CR systems allow you to meet HIPPA requirements in terms of medical digital image archiving and storage. The CR30-X is a compact tabletop device that runs on standard electrical outlets, saving space as well as time in that it offers a simpler installation than other systems. The AGFA CR 35-X offers three unique image resolution modes for your convenience.
Fuji CR systems are available in XC-1 and XL-1 models. Both have a small footprint, making them suitable for use in exam rooms. They offer fast image previews in less than a minute, and offer imaging plates in a variety of sizes appropriate to your medical digital imaging tasks. The Fuji CR XL-1 can send digital images to your PACS system, where the images can be stored, and it will also enable you to print hard copies of your digital medical images to film. The fuji cr XC-1 can process 35 plates measuring 14X17 per hour, while the XL-1 can read 62 similar sized plates each hour, for improved workflow in your digital imaging department.
Computed radiography systems such as the AGFA, Fuji and Kodak CR units make a great choice for when you want to retrofit the radiology equipment that you already have in place. By upgrading your current equipment so that it produces digital medical images, you can also benefit by being able to use a PACS system for digital archiving both on and off-site, and can implement teleradiology to send and receive digital images.
Technology in Healthcare (How to Get the Most From Your Radiology Dollar)
The decisions are getting harder when we try and determine what our facility should invest in to provide the best patient care. 256 slice CTs, 3.0T MRIs, Digital Mammography, PACS Upgrade, EHR and so on....? We first try and determine our available budget or we are asked to submit a request for funds based upon current and future requirements, local competition and/or physician requirements. It is now necessary to take a long hard look at what is currently being utilized and determine how best to enhance capabilities. You probably begin to bring in vendors to discuss the capabilities of their new systems, as well as potential costs. If you are like many administrators, you immediately get a large blast of reality. You instantly know that you will be limited to one purchase or less and it's possible funding won't be available for several years. If you are experiencing growth, patient count is increasing, test procedures are on the increase, and available system time is becoming harder and harder to come by, then you know you will need to upgrade Radiology capacity.
You now are probably asking yourself why you are faced with this growth. The first thing you may remember is that those people called baby boomers are becoming elderly and generally with age, comes increased health care. Secondly, the Deficit Reduction Act (DRA) reduced reimbursements to imaging centers, putting a number of facilities out of business and moving those patients to fewer remaining facilities. And, of course our Government is becoming close to adding more than 47 million uninsured Americans on to the rolls of public health insurance which is sure to increase radiology test requirements significantly everywhere in the country. Now that you are pretty much convinced you need to expand capability, usually with a limited budget, just what do you do?
You first may want to take a close look at what you are utilizing today and determine what is adequate and what needs to be replaced. If you are using a 4-slice CT or less, if your MRI is 1.0T or less, if x-ray, R/F and mammography systems are analog output (film) instead of digital, then you have important issues to resolve. Now, if you have an available budget of around 3 Million dollars you should be able to purchase new replacement systems that will work very well -- a 32 slice CT, a 1.5T short bore MRI, x-ray and R/F systems with DR and a digital mammography system.
Let's assume for a moment that you don't have a budget of 3 million dollars but you do require upgrades. Here's what you might consider: Upgrade the CT with a late model 16 slice CT, refurbished, installed and warranted for about $200,000. Also, bring in a late model 1.5T short bore MRI system for about $400,000. Purchase one new high volume CR system to convert x-rays for about $70,000. Add a refurbished fluoro DR system to the R/F room for about $45,000 ( or a new one for $65,000). And finally, purchase a Mammo CR system for about $90,000. Now for just over $800,000 you have nearly the same results as if you had replaced and purchased new except you will saved nearly 2.2 million dollars.
How do I know this? We do this every day. We enable health care facilities to upgrade with high quality, high performance late model systems for a fraction of the cost of new. This business of diagnostic imaging is all about taking pictures, and as long as the pictures are high quality, very little emphasis should be focused on whether or not the system that took the pictures are new. Remember, once that new system has been operated once, it becomes a used piece of equipment!
You now are probably asking yourself why you are faced with this growth. The first thing you may remember is that those people called baby boomers are becoming elderly and generally with age, comes increased health care. Secondly, the Deficit Reduction Act (DRA) reduced reimbursements to imaging centers, putting a number of facilities out of business and moving those patients to fewer remaining facilities. And, of course our Government is becoming close to adding more than 47 million uninsured Americans on to the rolls of public health insurance which is sure to increase radiology test requirements significantly everywhere in the country. Now that you are pretty much convinced you need to expand capability, usually with a limited budget, just what do you do?
You first may want to take a close look at what you are utilizing today and determine what is adequate and what needs to be replaced. If you are using a 4-slice CT or less, if your MRI is 1.0T or less, if x-ray, R/F and mammography systems are analog output (film) instead of digital, then you have important issues to resolve. Now, if you have an available budget of around 3 Million dollars you should be able to purchase new replacement systems that will work very well -- a 32 slice CT, a 1.5T short bore MRI, x-ray and R/F systems with DR and a digital mammography system.
Let's assume for a moment that you don't have a budget of 3 million dollars but you do require upgrades. Here's what you might consider: Upgrade the CT with a late model 16 slice CT, refurbished, installed and warranted for about $200,000. Also, bring in a late model 1.5T short bore MRI system for about $400,000. Purchase one new high volume CR system to convert x-rays for about $70,000. Add a refurbished fluoro DR system to the R/F room for about $45,000 ( or a new one for $65,000). And finally, purchase a Mammo CR system for about $90,000. Now for just over $800,000 you have nearly the same results as if you had replaced and purchased new except you will saved nearly 2.2 million dollars.
How do I know this? We do this every day. We enable health care facilities to upgrade with high quality, high performance late model systems for a fraction of the cost of new. This business of diagnostic imaging is all about taking pictures, and as long as the pictures are high quality, very little emphasis should be focused on whether or not the system that took the pictures are new. Remember, once that new system has been operated once, it becomes a used piece of equipment!
Using Radiology For Health Prevention is a Great Lifesaver
There are four main types of radiology: diagnostic, interventional, nuclear medicine and radiation therapy. The diagnostic radiological procedure includes common preventative medicine practices like MRIs, mammograms, ultrasounds, X-rays and angiography. Doctors check the various systems of the body to determine if anything is wrong. This is the best health prevention method, aside from the standard healthy diet and exercise.
The interventional radiological method is an alternative to surgery that includes biopsies, cancer treatments, angioplasty, embolization, vertebroplasty, nerve blocks and varicose vein treatments. Nuclear medicine is a way of assessing damage done to the heart, lungs, thyroid, liver, gallbladder and bones.
The physiological damage and progression of tumors can be monitored using this method. Lastly, radiation therapy is used to treat brain tumors and cancers, such as breast, colorectal, head, neck, lung and prostate.
Radiological methods can be used within three hours of a person's stroke symptoms. Strokes are typically caused by blood clots to the brain, so the standard procedure dissolves blood clots through an intravenously injected tissue plasminogen activator. If it has been more than three hours, but less than six, then an intra-arterial thrombolysis treatment may be performed, which places the clot-busting drug right at the site and will mechanically break up the clot.
With this amazing minimally invasive procedure, most stroke patients can regain full functionality and return to every day life. Health experts say the main challenge with stroke radiology is having enough stroke teams ready to handle patients within the three-hour timeframe.
One of the most common uses of radiology is for angioplasty, or the opening of clogged arteries, which benefits patients who are at risk for heart attacks or strokes. In this procedure, inflated balloons are passed through catheters to the trouble spots to increase blood flow to the brain, kidneys and legs.
Often, chemicals are placed in clogged locations to dissolve the plaque or the clots, which are then mechanically broken up. Another related radiological technique is stent grafting, where a synthetic tube is placed in large blood vessels to prevent an aneurysm or fatal bleeding.
Those concerned with senior health favor the non-invasive methods especially. Many people are in and out during the same day and continue to live productive lives afterward.
The use of radiology for health prevention and testing is one of the biggest lifesavers, health experts say. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and mammograms have the ability to help patients who would have otherwise died to live an extra 20+ years.
As for interventional radiological procedures, the benefits are numerous. It requires less anesthesia, less trauma to the body, shortens the hospital stay and recovery period, as well as causing minimal discomfort.
The interventional radiological method is an alternative to surgery that includes biopsies, cancer treatments, angioplasty, embolization, vertebroplasty, nerve blocks and varicose vein treatments. Nuclear medicine is a way of assessing damage done to the heart, lungs, thyroid, liver, gallbladder and bones.
The physiological damage and progression of tumors can be monitored using this method. Lastly, radiation therapy is used to treat brain tumors and cancers, such as breast, colorectal, head, neck, lung and prostate.
Radiological methods can be used within three hours of a person's stroke symptoms. Strokes are typically caused by blood clots to the brain, so the standard procedure dissolves blood clots through an intravenously injected tissue plasminogen activator. If it has been more than three hours, but less than six, then an intra-arterial thrombolysis treatment may be performed, which places the clot-busting drug right at the site and will mechanically break up the clot.
With this amazing minimally invasive procedure, most stroke patients can regain full functionality and return to every day life. Health experts say the main challenge with stroke radiology is having enough stroke teams ready to handle patients within the three-hour timeframe.
One of the most common uses of radiology is for angioplasty, or the opening of clogged arteries, which benefits patients who are at risk for heart attacks or strokes. In this procedure, inflated balloons are passed through catheters to the trouble spots to increase blood flow to the brain, kidneys and legs.
Often, chemicals are placed in clogged locations to dissolve the plaque or the clots, which are then mechanically broken up. Another related radiological technique is stent grafting, where a synthetic tube is placed in large blood vessels to prevent an aneurysm or fatal bleeding.
Those concerned with senior health favor the non-invasive methods especially. Many people are in and out during the same day and continue to live productive lives afterward.
The use of radiology for health prevention and testing is one of the biggest lifesavers, health experts say. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and mammograms have the ability to help patients who would have otherwise died to live an extra 20+ years.
As for interventional radiological procedures, the benefits are numerous. It requires less anesthesia, less trauma to the body, shortens the hospital stay and recovery period, as well as causing minimal discomfort.
Buying the Best Quality Radiology Equipment
When buying any new equipment care needs to taken in what you are choosing. It is even more important when you are buying medical equipment. For example if you are buying some PACS imaging equipment for the radiology reading rooms then it is important to make sure that the budget you have is being spent wisely. It is very important to do a lot of research into making sure that the machines that you buy are the best ones for the job, last for a long time, be reliable and that they will offer good value for money.
It is a good idea spending a significant amount of time finding out about what digital radiography systems is available. Look at the prices though, because budget is crucial and therefore anything above budget can be instantly dismissed, however good it looks. This should help make the decision making process easier. Once you have found all of the equipment in your price range, then it is a good idea to read reviews of those products. You should be able to find reviews on the Internet which will give you an idea of how reliable the equipment is, how long lasting and how easy to use. These are really the main factors you should be using for choosing but it is important to look at all the features to make sure that it does what you currently need it to do and also have more things that you may like t start using in the future. It is important to try to look ahead and think about whether things will change, needs will grow and more use will be made of the machine. This is not an easy thing to do but if you make a good guess then that is the most important thing.
Make sure that when you are selecting the machine that you ask the users what they think. They might want something like X-Ray film recycling to be possible and this may mean that you have to change the machine you were decided on. There are a whole host of features that they might want and as it is for them that the machine is being bought then it is very important to listen to all of their suggestions. They may not all be possible but it is worth while doing that so the machine you choose is the best one for them.
It is a good idea spending a significant amount of time finding out about what digital radiography systems is available. Look at the prices though, because budget is crucial and therefore anything above budget can be instantly dismissed, however good it looks. This should help make the decision making process easier. Once you have found all of the equipment in your price range, then it is a good idea to read reviews of those products. You should be able to find reviews on the Internet which will give you an idea of how reliable the equipment is, how long lasting and how easy to use. These are really the main factors you should be using for choosing but it is important to look at all the features to make sure that it does what you currently need it to do and also have more things that you may like t start using in the future. It is important to try to look ahead and think about whether things will change, needs will grow and more use will be made of the machine. This is not an easy thing to do but if you make a good guess then that is the most important thing.
Make sure that when you are selecting the machine that you ask the users what they think. They might want something like X-Ray film recycling to be possible and this may mean that you have to change the machine you were decided on. There are a whole host of features that they might want and as it is for them that the machine is being bought then it is very important to listen to all of their suggestions. They may not all be possible but it is worth while doing that so the machine you choose is the best one for them.
What Do X-Ray Technicians Do?
An X-Ray Technician is now called a Radiologic Technologist due to the fact that they no longer just create x-ray images. Today's radiographers are far more versatile in the medical community and they create medical images that help health care providers diagnose and treat illness or injury using a plethora of tools. These tools can include X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, MRIs and a few others. The term radiologic technologist includes different modalities within this health profession. There are more specific titles when describing specifically what someone does. It's sort of like the term nurse in that there are many types of nurses with specific areas of expertise. They do have one thing in common with nurses; they can wear nurse's scrubs to work.
The term technologist can be a little misleading also and should not be confused with technician. A technician fixes machines; a technologist uses the machine to perform their duties. The duties of a Radiologic Technologist include a variety of specialties. Diagnostic Radiography is used to look through the tissue to examine bones, cavities and foreign objects. Sonography uses high frequency ultrasound to see inside the body and is economical, safe and versatile. The technologist that uses this equipment is often a specially trained Sonographer. Fluoroscopy is live motion X-ray and is mostly used to image the digestive tract. With constant radiation a technologist can monitor the administering of a contrasting agent to highlight the organs. This can also be used to position devices within the body. ACT or computed tomography provides a cross-sectional view of the body. It can put the images together to provide 2-D or 3-D images also. An MRI or magnetic resonance imaging, builds a 2-D or 3-D map of different tissue types within the body. Nuclear medicine uses radioactive tracers to examine how the body and organs function. This is often used in the kidneys and heart. Radioisotopes are now being used to treat certain cancers such as thyroid and prostate cancer. Radiation therapy uses radiation to eradicate or shrink cancerous cells and growths in and on the surface of the body. The last technology we'll list is mammography's, which uses X-ray to look at the breast tissues.
As you probably are aware, since most of these technologists work in a medical facility, they wear a medical uniform, quite often nursing scrubs. They normally cannot be differentiated by anything these days. In the past they were the ones with the heavy lead apron on during an X-ray treatment.
The term technologist can be a little misleading also and should not be confused with technician. A technician fixes machines; a technologist uses the machine to perform their duties. The duties of a Radiologic Technologist include a variety of specialties. Diagnostic Radiography is used to look through the tissue to examine bones, cavities and foreign objects. Sonography uses high frequency ultrasound to see inside the body and is economical, safe and versatile. The technologist that uses this equipment is often a specially trained Sonographer. Fluoroscopy is live motion X-ray and is mostly used to image the digestive tract. With constant radiation a technologist can monitor the administering of a contrasting agent to highlight the organs. This can also be used to position devices within the body. ACT or computed tomography provides a cross-sectional view of the body. It can put the images together to provide 2-D or 3-D images also. An MRI or magnetic resonance imaging, builds a 2-D or 3-D map of different tissue types within the body. Nuclear medicine uses radioactive tracers to examine how the body and organs function. This is often used in the kidneys and heart. Radioisotopes are now being used to treat certain cancers such as thyroid and prostate cancer. Radiation therapy uses radiation to eradicate or shrink cancerous cells and growths in and on the surface of the body. The last technology we'll list is mammography's, which uses X-ray to look at the breast tissues.
As you probably are aware, since most of these technologists work in a medical facility, they wear a medical uniform, quite often nursing scrubs. They normally cannot be differentiated by anything these days. In the past they were the ones with the heavy lead apron on during an X-ray treatment.
Digital Radiography - Electronic X-Ray - When, Why and How?
It seems like we have crossed the healthcare frontier and the only thing left to conquer is analog or film based x-ray systems. MRI's, CT's, Ultrasound, PET, Bone Densitometry, Mammography and most diagnostic imaging systems output digital data, that is except for Radiography and Fluoroscopy. Most existing radiography systems are still analog and put out either x-ray film and/or analog video.
Although most mobile C-arms are now being produced with digital output capability, most existing C-arms, X-ray systems and R/F systems have not yet been upgraded. When you consider that today there are more x-ray studies done than any other modality study, we should concede, we are way overdue in moving to electronic Rad and Fluoro. These upgrades should probably be initiated before all others at medical facilities today. The sooner digital conversion takes place the sooner cost savings will be realized and productivity will be enhanced. So when we ask the question "When should we convert to digital X-ray"? The answer should be "now" or "as soon as possible".
There are many reasons why the conversion should take place, but first and foremost, as always, is cost savings. The cost to purchase, process, duplicate, archive and access film is enormous. Although the actual cost of film is relatively inexpensive, the cost of a film processor, its maintenance, replacement, chemicals and dark room facilities is not cheap. Then, the cost of filing and storing film, retrieving and/or duplicating, film further compounds the cost. Now, add in the time it takes to process and possibly re-shoot, because of poor quality, and the time it takes to transport the film study to the physician or technician and you probably can cost justify the purchase of a digital solution in less than two years. The last factor is the amount of time saved during the procedure itself, thereby increasing the number of patients able to be x-rayed in a given time period. Actual throughput for a single system can probably easily accommodate 8-10 studies per hour, probably an increase of 30% over a film based system.
The bigger question is how do you make this conversion? If you have not had much time to look into digital conversion, you will find there are quite a few options. Although the technology was developed several years ago, it continues to evolve and price continues to change as well. The least expensive and most popular solution is Computer Radiography (CR) or digital radiography systems of . These systems consists of cassettes/phosphorous plates, a reader/converter and a computer workstation. The cassettes/plates are inserted into the table or the chest bucky, similar to inserting a film cassette.
The plate is exposed to x-ray, the cassette is removed and inserted into the reader/converter, which reads the exposed plate and produces a digital image. The plate is then erased and ready to be used again in the same process. The image is available at the computer workstation for viewing, transfer to a radiologist and/or transfer to a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS). CR systems range in price from low performance systems (one plate processed every 60 seconds) at $30K- $40K to high performance systems (multiple plates processed in 30 seconds) at $90K-$100K.
Although CR is less expensive, the time to load and transport cassettes around, combined with 30-60 second processing times result in lost productivity and throughput when comparing it to Direct Radiography (DR). These systems generally use flat panel detectors that are permanently fixed into the table and/or chest bucky. They also come with a computer workstation and acquisition/viewing/manipulation software. The DR process is very fast and simple. The x-ray exposure is shot and the detector converts it immediately to a electronic image available within 5-15 seconds for viewing at the computer workstation.
However you must pay the price for speed and simplicity. A single panel DR system can costs $100k-$140K. If you have a table and chest stand and you require two detectors, you will need to add another $80K, resulting in a DR system costing 2 or 3 times more than a new x-ray system, which might cost $75K for a high performance and major brand. DR Fluoro/Spot systems are also available to retrofit R/F and Angio systems. These systems are deployed by adding a CCD camera at the image intensifier, a computer workstation, acquisition/viewing/manipulation software and digital R/F system monitor. These systems cost $65K-$80K.
Although all of the solutions discussed are relatively expensive, there are opportunities to reduce costs. We offer a CCD flat panel DR detector system for under $50K. We have sold many refurbished CR systems under $30K and refurbished DR Fluoro/Spot systems under $40K. We have also replaced older X-ray and R/F systems with late model high frequency systems (suggested when upgrading to digital) at half the price of a new system.
Although most mobile C-arms are now being produced with digital output capability, most existing C-arms, X-ray systems and R/F systems have not yet been upgraded. When you consider that today there are more x-ray studies done than any other modality study, we should concede, we are way overdue in moving to electronic Rad and Fluoro. These upgrades should probably be initiated before all others at medical facilities today. The sooner digital conversion takes place the sooner cost savings will be realized and productivity will be enhanced. So when we ask the question "When should we convert to digital X-ray"? The answer should be "now" or "as soon as possible".
There are many reasons why the conversion should take place, but first and foremost, as always, is cost savings. The cost to purchase, process, duplicate, archive and access film is enormous. Although the actual cost of film is relatively inexpensive, the cost of a film processor, its maintenance, replacement, chemicals and dark room facilities is not cheap. Then, the cost of filing and storing film, retrieving and/or duplicating, film further compounds the cost. Now, add in the time it takes to process and possibly re-shoot, because of poor quality, and the time it takes to transport the film study to the physician or technician and you probably can cost justify the purchase of a digital solution in less than two years. The last factor is the amount of time saved during the procedure itself, thereby increasing the number of patients able to be x-rayed in a given time period. Actual throughput for a single system can probably easily accommodate 8-10 studies per hour, probably an increase of 30% over a film based system.
The bigger question is how do you make this conversion? If you have not had much time to look into digital conversion, you will find there are quite a few options. Although the technology was developed several years ago, it continues to evolve and price continues to change as well. The least expensive and most popular solution is Computer Radiography (CR) or digital radiography systems of . These systems consists of cassettes/phosphorous plates, a reader/converter and a computer workstation. The cassettes/plates are inserted into the table or the chest bucky, similar to inserting a film cassette.
The plate is exposed to x-ray, the cassette is removed and inserted into the reader/converter, which reads the exposed plate and produces a digital image. The plate is then erased and ready to be used again in the same process. The image is available at the computer workstation for viewing, transfer to a radiologist and/or transfer to a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS). CR systems range in price from low performance systems (one plate processed every 60 seconds) at $30K- $40K to high performance systems (multiple plates processed in 30 seconds) at $90K-$100K.
Although CR is less expensive, the time to load and transport cassettes around, combined with 30-60 second processing times result in lost productivity and throughput when comparing it to Direct Radiography (DR). These systems generally use flat panel detectors that are permanently fixed into the table and/or chest bucky. They also come with a computer workstation and acquisition/viewing/manipulation software. The DR process is very fast and simple. The x-ray exposure is shot and the detector converts it immediately to a electronic image available within 5-15 seconds for viewing at the computer workstation.
However you must pay the price for speed and simplicity. A single panel DR system can costs $100k-$140K. If you have a table and chest stand and you require two detectors, you will need to add another $80K, resulting in a DR system costing 2 or 3 times more than a new x-ray system, which might cost $75K for a high performance and major brand. DR Fluoro/Spot systems are also available to retrofit R/F and Angio systems. These systems are deployed by adding a CCD camera at the image intensifier, a computer workstation, acquisition/viewing/manipulation software and digital R/F system monitor. These systems cost $65K-$80K.
Although all of the solutions discussed are relatively expensive, there are opportunities to reduce costs. We offer a CCD flat panel DR detector system for under $50K. We have sold many refurbished CR systems under $30K and refurbished DR Fluoro/Spot systems under $40K. We have also replaced older X-ray and R/F systems with late model high frequency systems (suggested when upgrading to digital) at half the price of a new system.
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